Jun Yue Hai Tang

Building basics

Year of completion	2009
Number of units	175
Number of occupants	560 people
Elevation	569 m

Building areas

Residential space

15580 m2

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Special features

• Building envelope: In addition to the high thermal mass and time lag building materials used, the thermal bridge is dealt with carefully to avoid gaps or weak points at junctions between different components. 
• Radiant floor heating system: this systems has a good thermal storage and thermo stability, with the temperature being well-distributed
• Solar hot water system: The solar hot water system is a building integrated system design, the solar collectors flat-plates are installed on the façade of the building and provide 90% of the residential units with solar hot water. Water saving measurement: water saving devices were adopted including low flow lavatory faucets and low flow shower headHigh tensile steel bars in the concrete was adopted to minimise building materials used.Water permeable layout and local green landscape is designed to promote rainwater recyclingDifferent water saving approaches are incorporated into the building such as low low lavatory faucets and low flow shower headHigh percentage of locally and recycling building materialAdopted intellectualized building system 

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Sources

CSUS-IBR

The building structure is a shear wall structural system with a high thermal capacity combined with an insulation of 100 mm XPS in the external wall. The U-value for the external wall is 0.32 W/(m².K). The roof is insulated with 150 mm XPS, with U-value of 0.22 W/(m².K)

The grade building floors except floors connected with the outside are made of floating floor, with 30 mm XPS insulation layer inside the floor.

Type of construction	Heavy
A/V ratio	0.35 -1
Average U-value of building	0.500 W/m2K
Air tightness	An air tightness test based on the standard “Graduations and Test Methods of Air Permeability , Water tightness, Wind Load Resistance Performance for Building External Windows and Doors” ( GB/T 7106—2008) was carried out.
Shading	No measures were taken for shading

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Ground floor

U-value	0.220 W/m2K
Total thickness	39.00 cm
Total area	1397.9 m2

Material	Thickness	Thermal conductivity λ
Cement mortar	2.00 cm	0.930 W/mK
Concrete	20.00 cm	1.740 W/mK
XPS Insulation	15.00 cm	0.030 W/mK
Cement mortar	2.00 cm	0.930 W/mK

(From outside to inside)

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External walls

U-value	0.280 W/m2K
Total thickness	32.04 cm
Total area	11431.5 m2

Material	Thickness	Thermal conductivity λ
Cement Mortar	1.00 cm	0.930 W/mK
Polyurethane	0.04 cm	0.510 W/mK
XPS Insulation	12.00 cm	0.030 W/mK
Cement Mortar	1.00 cm	0.930 W/mK
Reinforced concrete	16.00 cm	1.740 W/mK
Cement mortar	2.00 cm	0.930 W/mK

(From outside to inside)

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Upper ceiling

From outside to inside.

U-value	0.220 W/m2K
Total thickness	26.00 cm
Total area	1379.9 m2

Material	Thickness	Thermal conductivity λ
Cement Mortar	1.00 cm	0.930 W/mK
Concrete	3.00 cm	1.740 W/mK
Other	3.00 cm	None W/mK
XPS Insulation	3.00 cm	0.030 W/mK
Cement Mortar	2.00 cm	0.930 W/mK
Concrete	12.00 cm	1.740 W/mK
Cement Mortar	2.00 cm	0.930 W/mK

(From outside to inside)

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Windows

U-value window	1.80 W/m2K
Total area	2504 m2

Glass infill
Coating/Tint
Solar heat gain coefficient	0.67
U-value glass	None W/m2K
U-value window frame	None W/m2K

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Passive strategies

• The building is orientated to maximize solar gains in winter
• Passive solar heat gains for hot water
• Natural ventilation in transition season

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Additional information

Note worthy Green Design and Sustainable Strategies include: 

1. Building envelope: In addition to the high thermal mass and time lag building materials used, the thermal bridge is dealt with carefully to avoid gaps or weak points at junctions between different components.
2. Radiant floor heating system: this systems has a good thermal storage and thermo stability, with the temperature being well-distributed
3. Solar hot water system:  The solar hot water system is a building integrated system design, the solar collectors flat-plates are installed on the balconies of the building and provide 90% of the residential units with solar hot water.
4. Water saving measurement: water saving devices were adopted including low flow lavatory faucets and low flow shower head
5. High tensile steel bars in the concrete was adopted to minimise building materials used.

The building is de-centrally controlled with split Air-Conditioning unit in each dwelling. Heating is provided by household gas heaters, with an efficiency of 92%. Each apartment is equipped with a low temperature hot water floor panel radiant heating system. Hot water is supplied through a solar heater system integrated with building façade.

Indoor design temperature summer	26 °C
Indoor design temperature winter	18 °C

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Heating system

Heating is provided by household gas heaters, with an efficiency of 92%. Each apartment is equipped with a low temperature hot water  floor panel radiant heating system.

1 individual heating system installed:

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Cooling system

No cooling systems were planned for in the design phase. However cooling if implemented is by the apartment owners. The cooling systems are most commonly split AC units, and bought to the building through the apartment owners, so no cooling system are designed at the design phase.

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Hot water system

The hot water for the entire building is provided through a de-central solar hot water system. On the balcony façades, there are 2.88 m² solar panels with solar water heating tank of 150 l for each dwelling (26.25 m³ in total),  with a total area for the building of 504 m².

1 individual hot water system installed:

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Ventilation system

Natural ventilation is to be used to help remove heating or cooling gains in the transition season.

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Energy efficient lighting and appliances

It's required by the design brief that the public area of the project use high efficiency lighting like LED. 

Primary energy consumption	286740.00 kWh/year
Primary energy consumption (ref. building)	410975.00 kWh/year
Specific primary energy consumption	18.40 kWh/m2/year
Specific primary energy consumption (ref. building)	26.40 kWh/m2/year

Calculation method

Note: The primary energy consumption for this building is only for heating as data for hot water and cooling could not be obtained. The building has thus been graded as Low-Energy Building until final data can be obtained.

Differentiated specific primary energy demand and production

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Accumulated specific primary energy demand and production

Energy consumption data (for the heating system only) were simulated with PKPM in 2010. The energy consumption of this building is 70 % of that of a conventional building.

Total investment costs	3881520 EUR
Cost:	249.00 EUR/m2
Total differentiated annual costs	10585 EUR
Specific differentiated annual costs	0.70 EUR
Yearly energy costs	10585 EUR/year
Static payback time	5 years
Dynamic payback time	7 years

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Investment cost

Absolute building investment costs

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Specific building investment cost

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Annual Costs

Absolute annual costs

Specific annual cost

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Assumptions

Real interest rate	3.00 %
Local Currency	CNY
Currency rate to EUR	0.10800 (March 25, 2013)

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Energy prices

Electricity	0.0550 EUR/kWh
Gas	0.3760 EUR/kWh
Oil	1.7950 EUR/kWh